Maternal Characteristics Associated with stunting Incidence: A Cross-Sectional Study
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: In Indonesia, stunting remains a very serious challenge for public health development. Nationally, the stunting prevalence in 2023 was 21.6% which was still above the threshold set by WHO.
Purpose: This study aimed to analyze maternal characteristics with stunting occurrence at Puskesmas Air Periukan.
Methods: The study used a quantitative analytical approach with a cross-sectional design. The target population comprised all mothers with toddlers aged between 6 and 59 months. The sample were 65 mothers that were selected using purposive sampling technique. Questionnaire, that its validity and reliability had been previously established by the research team, was used in collecting the data. The data then analyzed using the chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression.
Results: A highly significant correlation was observed for maternal age, parity, and family income. Conversely, the variables of education, occupation, and maternal knowledge had no significant correlation. The multivariate test results showed that age could increase the stunting occurrence by 1.084 times (OR = 1.084, 95%CI: 0.256-97.697), while the income factor increased the stunting risk by 2.153 times (OR = 2.153, 95%CI: 0.056-8.822).
Conclusion: Stunting in children under five is influenced by maternal age, parity, and family economic status. Healthy reproductive age and having fewer children reduce the risk of stunting. Conversely, maternal education, knowledge, and employment do not have a significant impact. Low economic conditions are the primary factor increasing the risk of stunting.
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References
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Wemakor, A., Garti, H., Azongo, T., Garti, H., & Atosona, A. (2018). Young maternal age is a risk factor for child undernutrition in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. BMC Research Notes, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3980-7
World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. (2022). Exclusively breastfeed. http://www.emro.who.int/nutrition/breastfeeding/index.html
Ariani, M. (2020). Determinan Penyebab Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita: Tinjauan Literatur. Dinamika Kesehatan: Jurnal Kebidanan Dan Keperawatan, 11(1), 172–186. https://doi.org/10.33859/dksm.v11i1.559
Asra, T. N., & Aji, A. S. (2023). Implementasi Rest Api Pada Aplikasi Untuk Pencegahan Stunting Dan Monitoring Kesehatan Anak (Moana) Berbasis Web. Jurnal TEKINKOM, 6(2), 550–556. https://doi.org/10.37600/tekinkom.v6i2.1026
Fadlliyyah, U. R. (2019). Determinan Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Pada Pemberian Asi Eksklusif Di Indonesia. Ikesma, 15(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.19184/ikesma.v15i1.14415
Gresh, A., Robinson, K., Thornton, C. P., & Plesko, C. (2019). Caring for Women Experiencing Breast Engorgement: A Case Report. Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health, 64(6), 763–768. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.13011
Halimatunnisa, M., Indarwati, R., Ubudiyah, M., Trihartuty, Ketut Putri Martha Sari, N., & Suhardin, S. (2020). Family Determinants of Stunting in Indonesia: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(09), 815–822. https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V24I9/PR290099
Janmohamed, A., Sohani, N., Lassi, Z. S., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2020). The effects of community home visit and peer group nutrition intervention delivery platforms on nutrition outcomes in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020440
Kang, Y., Kim, S., Sinamo, S., & Christian, P. (2017). Effectiveness of a community-based nutrition programme to improve child growth in rural Ethiopia: a cluster randomized trial. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 13(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12349
Melo, L. C. de O., Bonelli, M. C. P., Lima, R. V. A., Gomes-Sponholz, F. A., & Monteiro, J. C. D. S. (2021). Anxiety and its influence on maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 29, e3485. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.5104.3485
Nafisah, & Astuti. (2023). Association Between Adolescent Pregnancy and Stunting Incidence: A Scoping Review. J. Promosi Kesehat. Indones, 19(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpki.19.1.42-49
Nambiar, D., Mathew, B., Dubey, S., & Moola, S. (2023). Interventions addressing maternal and child health among the urban poor and homeless: an overview of systematic reviews. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15410-7
Onah, M. N. (2021). Women’s empowerment and child nutrition in South-Central Asia; how important is socioeconomic status? SSM - Population Health, 13, 100718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100718
Rahayu, S., Djuhaeni, H., Nugraha, G. I., & Mulyo, G. E. (2019). Hubungan pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku dan karakteristik ibu tentang ASI eksklusif terhadap status gizi bayi. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal, 4(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.30867/action.v4i1.149
Shinde, S., Madzorera, I., & Fawzi, W. W. (2021). Association of iron supplementation and dietary diversity with nutritional status and learning outcomes among adolescents: Results from a longitudinal study in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, India. Journal of Global Health, 11, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.11.04037
Simelane, M. S., Chemhaka, G. B., & Zwane, E. (2020). A multilevel analysis of individual, household and community level factors on stunting among children aged 6–59 months in Eswatini: A secondary analysis of the Eswatini 2010 and 2014 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. PLoS ONE, 15(10 October), 24–35. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241548
Twells, L. K., Midodzi, W. K., Ludlow, V., Murphy-Goodridge, J., Burrage, L., Gill, N., Halfyard, B., Schiff, R., & Newhook, L. A. (2016). Assessing Infant Feeding Attitudes of Expectant Women in a Provincial Population in Canada: Validation of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale. Journal of Human Lactation, 32(3), NP9–NP18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334414559647
UNICEF/WHO/WORLD BANK. (2021). Levels and trends in child malnutrition UNICEF / WHO / World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Key findings of the 2021 edition. World Health Organization, 1–32.
Vir. (2016). Improving women’s nutrition imperative for rapid reduction of childhood stunting in South Asia: Coupling of nutrition specific interventions with nutrition sensitive measures essential. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 12(1), 72–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12255
Wemakor, A., Garti, H., Azongo, T., Garti, H., & Atosona, A. (2018). Young maternal age is a risk factor for child undernutrition in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. BMC Research Notes, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018-3980-7
World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. (2022). Exclusively breastfeed. http://www.emro.who.int/nutrition/breastfeeding/index.html