The Correlation Between Demographic Factors (Education, Occupation, and Risk Zonation of Covid – 19) and Anxiety Levels of Pregnant Women During The Covid – 19’s Pandemic

Main Article Content

Ida
Putri Dwi Christanti
Tri Krianto

Abstract

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on several sectors including the health sector, especially maternal and child health services. The policies and restrictions imposed during the Covid-19 pandemic certainly caused MCH services did not function optimally, even pregnant women's visits to health services were recorded to decline during the start of the pandemic before the introduction of new normal. This condition certainly has a substantial negative psychological effect, especially for pregnant women.


Purpose: to determine the correlation between demographic factors and anxiety levels of pregnant women during the pandemic.


Methods: This research used quantitative research by using an online questionnaire with a cross-sectional study design, and the number of respondents was 122 people using purposive sampling technique.


Results: As many as 66% of respondents with higher education level, with the type of activity 58% work, as many as 45% live in the red zone or high risk of covid-19, and 72% were inhighlevel of anxiety. The results of statistical tests between the level of education, occupation, and risk zonation of covid – 19 on the level of anxiety, respectively, with p-values ??of 0.079, 0.256, and 0.546


Conclusion: Statistically, there was no correlation between the level of education, occupation, and risk zonation for Covid-19 on the level of anxiety of pregnant women in carrying out antenatal care.Health care providers are advised to provide extra services to pregnant women during the new normal era by providing service options through teleconsultation and tele-registration to shorten the duration of interaction and reduce the risk of exposure to the COVID-19 virus.

Article Details

How to Cite
Fauziah, I., Christanti, P. D., & Krianto, T. . (2022). The Correlation Between Demographic Factors (Education, Occupation, and Risk Zonation of Covid – 19) and Anxiety Levels of Pregnant Women During The Covid – 19’s Pandemic. Women, Midwives and Midwifery, 2(1), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.36749/wmm.2.1.20-28.2022
Section
Articles

References

Ashaba, Kaida, Burns, O’Neil, Dunkley, Psaros, & Matthews. (2017). Understanding coping strategies during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A qualitative study of women living with HIV in rural Uganda. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 17(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1321-9

Ayittey, Ayittey, Chiwero, Kamasah, & Dzuvor. (2020). Economic impacts of Wuhan 2019-nCov on China and thet world. J Med Virol.

Bao, Sun, Meng, & Shi. (2020). 2019-nCov epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. Lancet London, England, 395(10224), e37 – e38.

Berthelot, N., Lemieux, R., Garon-Bissonnette, J., Drouin-Maziade, C., Martel, É., & Maziade, M. (2020). Uptrend in distress and psychiatric symptomatology in pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 99(7), 848–855. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13925

Center of Data and Information, M. of H. R. of I. (2014). Maternal Healths Situation in Indonesia.

Cheryl, Sarah, Elizabeth, & Maria. (2020). Pregnancy-related anxiety during covid – 19: a nationwide survey of 2470 pregnant women. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01073-5 . Springer

Cucinotta, & Vanelli. (2020). WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed. Acta Biomed, 91(1), 157–160.

Cullen, Ulati, & Kelly. (2020). Mental health in the Covid-19 pandemic. QJM. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa110

Dong, Huang, & Zhang. (2020). Investigation on the mental health status of pregnant women in China during the Pandemic of COVID-19. In Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-020-05805-x

Farrel, T., Reagu, S., Mohan, S., Elmidany, R., Qaddoura, F., Ahmed, E. E. A., Lindow, S., Abuyaqoub, S. M., & Alabdulla, M. A. (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 Perinatal Mental Health of Women. Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 117(50), 861–867. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2020.0861

Grigoriadis, Graves, Peer, Mamisashvili, Tomlinson, Vigod, Dennis, Steiner, Brown, Cheung, Dawson, Rector, Guenette, & Richter. (2019). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of antenatal anxiety on postpartum outcomes. Arch Womens Ment Health, 22(5), 543–556.

Hawryluck, Gold, Robinson, Pogorski, Galea, & Styra. (2004). SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada. Emerg. Infect., 10(7), 1206–1212. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1007.030703

Huang, & Schnabel. (2018). Making Sexual and Reproductive Health Services a Priority for Rohingya Refugees and Host Communities. In Center for Global Development.

Hussein. (2020). COVID-19: What implications for sexual and reproductive health and rights globally?Taylor&Francis.

Japanese, breastfeeding and weaning. (2021). Tokyo: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Retrieved September 5, 2021. mhlw.go.jp/shingi/2007/03/dl/s0314-17.pdf

Kajdy, Feduniw, Ajdacka, Modzelewsk, Baranowska, Pokropek, Pawlicka, Kazmierczak, Rabijewski, Asiak, Lewandowsk, Borowski, & Kwiatkowsk. (2020). Risk factors for anxiety and depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Medicine, 99(10), 21–27.

Kar, N., Kar, B., & Kar, S. (2020). Stress and coping during COVID-19 pandemic: Result of an online survey. January.

KeMenkes. (2018). Indonesia Health Profile in 2016. Jakarta: KEMENKES RI.

Moyer, C. A., Compton, S. D., Kaselitz, E., & Muzik, M. (2020). Pregnancy-related anxiety during COVID-19: a nationwide survey of 2740 pregnant women. Archives of Women’s Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-020-01073-5

Saccone. (2020). Psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women. In American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7204688

Shen, Yang, Wang, Zhao, Jiang, Jin, Zheng, Shang, Deng, & Wang. (2020). Global Pediatric Pulmonology Alliance. Diagnosis, Treatment, AndWorld Journal of Pediatrics?: WJP, pp. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00343-7. PubMed

Stuart, & Laraia. (2007). Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing. (8th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby Year B.

Yekta, Zamani, Mehdizade, & Farajzadegan. (2007). The pattern of complementary and alternative medicine use in urban population. Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 7(1), 24–31.

Zhang, & Yongwen. (2018). Effectiveness of Systematic Health Education Model for Type 2.

Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Wang, Y., Song, B., Gu, X., Guan, L., Wei, Y., Li, H., Wu, X., Xu, J., Tu, S., Zhang, Y., Chen, H., & Cao, B. (2020). Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet, 395(10229), 1054–1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3

Zhu, Zhang, Wang, Yang, & Song. (2020). A novel coronavirus frompatients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med Feb, 382(8), 27–33. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017.